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Câu 1: According to the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), what is the official definition of public relations?

A. marketing function that focuses solely on increasing sales through paid media.
B. strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
C. The practice of using propaganda to manipulate public opinion for political gain.
D. one-way communication method used to control what journalists write about a company.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The PRSA definition adopted in 2012 emphasizes that PR is a strategic, two-way process aimed at building relationships for the benefit of both the organization and its audience. Kết luận Lý giải: A strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.

Câu 2: In the RACE acronym used in the public relations planning process, what does the letter 'A' represent?

A. Analysis of competitors.
B. Action (or Planning).
C. Advertising budget.
D. Audience segmentation.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The RACE model consists of Research, Action (strategy and planning), Communication (implementation), and Evaluation. Kết luận Lý giải: Action (or Planning).

Câu 3: Which principle of the Barcelona Principles 3.0 (2020) addresses the use of Advertising Value Equivalency (AVE)?

A. AVEs should be used as the primary metric for measuring media impact.
B. AVEs are only useful when comparing print media and digital media.
C. AVEs are not the value of communication.
D. AVEs provide a scientific measure of public sentiment.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The Barcelona Principles, updated in 2020, explicitly reject the use of AVEs because they do not reflect the true value of public relations work. Kết luận Lý giải: AVEs are not the value of communication.

Câu 4: Which of Grunig and Hunt's four models of public relations is considered the most ethical and effective for building long-term relationships?

A. Two-way symmetrical model.
B. Press agentry/Publicity model.
C. Public information model.
D. Two-way asymmetrical model.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The two-way symmetrical model focuses on mutual understanding and communication between an organization and its publics rather than just persuasion. Kết luận Lý giải: Two-way symmetrical model.

Câu 5: What is the primary difference between public relations and advertising?

A. PR relies on paid media, while advertising relies on earned media.
B. PR focuses on internal publics, while advertising focuses on external publics.
C. PR primarily uses earned and shared media, while advertising primarily uses paid media.
D. PR is concerned with products, while advertising is concerned with reputation.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

PR focuses on gaining organic coverage (earned) and engagement (shared), whereas advertising involves paying for space or time to control the message. Kết luận Lý giải: PR primarily uses earned and shared media, while advertising primarily uses paid media.

Câu 6: In crisis communication, what is the 'stealing thunder' strategy?

A. Attempting to discredit a competitor during their own crisis.
B. An organization being the first to disclose information about a crisis it is facing.
C. Delaying the release of bad news until a holiday or weekend.
D. Aggressively suing news outlets that report on a corporate scandal.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Stealing thunder is a proactive crisis management technique where an organization reports its own negative news to maintain credibility and control the narrative. Kết luận Lý giải: An organization being the first to disclose information about a crisis it is facing.

Câu 7: What does the 'O' stand for in the PESO model of media integration?

A. Organic media.
B. Owned media.
C. Outbound media.
D. Objective media.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The PESO model, created by Gini Dietrich, categorizes media into Paid, Earned, Shared, and Owned channels. Kết luận Lý giải: Owned media.

Câu 8: Which element is crucial for a statement to be legally considered 'libel'?

A. The statement must be a private opinion shared in confidence.
B. The statement must be true but harmful to a person's reputation.
C. The statement must be a false communication that is written or broadcast.
D. The statement must be spoken verbally to a small group of friends.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Libel refers specifically to defamatory statements made in a fixed form, such as writing or media broadcasts, that are false and damaging. Kết luận Lý giải: The statement must be a false communication that is written or broadcast.

Câu 9: What is the primary function of a 'boilerplate' in a standard press release?

A. To provide a catchy headline that grabs the editor's attention.
B. To explain the specific details of the event or announcement.
C. To provide a standard 'about' section describing the organization at the end of the release.
D. To list the contact information for the PR representative.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

A boilerplate is a short, standardized paragraph at the end of a press release that provides background information on the company. Kết luận Lý giải: To provide a standard 'about' section describing the organization at the end of the release.

Câu 10: Under the PRSA Code of Ethics, which value requires members to provide objective counsel and be accountable for their actions?

A. Independence.
B. Advocacy.
C. Expertise.
D. Fairness.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Independence in the PRSA Code of Ethics means providing objective counsel to clients and being responsible for professional conduct. Kết luận Lý giải: Independence.

Câu 11: What is 'media relations' specifically concerned with?

A. Managing an organization's internal social media platforms.
B. Buying advertising space in newspapers and on television.
C. Building and maintaining productive relationships with journalists and bloggers.
D. Hiring actors to represent the company in commercials.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Media relations involves the systematic, professional maintenance of relationships with reporters to facilitate news coverage. Kết luận Lý giải: Building and maintaining productive relationships with journalists and bloggers.

Câu 12: Which theory suggests that the media don't tell people what to think, but rather what to think about?

A. Framing theory.
B. Agenda-setting theory.
C. Diffusion of innovation theory.
D. Social learning theory.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Agenda-setting theory, pioneered by McCombs and Shaw, posits that media coverage influences the perceived importance of topics in the public mind. Kết luận Lý giải: Agenda-setting theory.

Câu 13: In the context of the Triple Bottom Line in CSR, what are the three 'Ps'?

A. Price, Product, Promotion.
B. Planning, Production, Publicity.
C. Profit, People, Planet.
D. Politics, Power, Persuasion.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The Triple Bottom Line is a sustainability framework that measures a company's social (People), environmental (Planet), and financial (Profit) impact. Kết luận Lý giải: Profit, People, Planet.

Câu 14: What is the primary goal of Investor Relations (IR) within a corporation?

A. To handle customer complaints regarding product defects.
B. To maintain relationships with shareholders and the financial community.
C. To recruit new employees from top-tier universities.
D. To manage the company's internal employee newsletter.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Investor Relations is a specialized branch of PR that manages communication between a company's management and its financial stakeholders. Kết luận Lý giải: To maintain relationships with shareholders and the financial community.

Câu 15: Which type of public has low involvement and low knowledge regarding an issue but could be impacted by it?

A. Active public.
B. Aware public.
C. Latent public.
D. Non-public.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

According to Situational Theory, a latent public is one that is affected by an organization's actions but does not yet recognize the problem. Kết luận Lý giải: Latent public.

Câu 16: Which news value refers to the geographic or emotional closeness of a story to the target audience?

A. Prominence.
B. Proximity.
C. Timeliness.
D. Conflict.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Proximity suggests that news happening locally or affecting people nearby is more relevant to an audience than distant events. Kết luận Lý giải: Proximity.

Câu 17: What is the 'Inverted Pyramid' style of writing often used in PR press releases?

A. Starting with background info and building up to the main news at the end.
B. Placing the most important information at the beginning and less important details later.
C. Using academic language to establish authority before stating the facts.
D. Writing a long introduction before revealing the purpose of the release.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The Inverted Pyramid structure ensures that journalists and readers see the most critical 'who, what, when, where, and why' immediately. Kết luận Lý giải: Placing the most important information at the beginning and less important details later.

Câu 18: Which of the following is a key requirement by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regarding influencer marketing?

A. Influencers must have at least 100,000 followers to be legal.
B. Influencers must clearly disclose any material connection to a brand (e.g., #ad).
C. Influencers are forbidden from using social media to promote products.
D. Influencers must pay the FTC a fee for every post they make.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

FTC guidelines require influencers to disclose paid partnerships or free products clearly so consumers are not misled. Kết luận Lý giải: Influencers must clearly disclose any material connection to a brand (e.g., #ad).

Câu 19: What is 'Integrated Marketing Communications' (IMC)?

A. The practice of separating PR, advertising, and marketing into different departments.
B. The coordination of various promotional tools to ensure a consistent message.
C. The process of using only digital media for communication.
D. strategy that focuses exclusively on internal employee communication.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

IMC is a holistic approach that ensures all messaging across PR, advertising, and marketing is unified and consistent. Kết luận Lý giải: The coordination of various promotional tools to ensure a consistent message.

Câu 20: In the context of issue management, what is 'environmental scanning'?

A. Measuring the carbon footprint of the company's office buildings.
B. Searching for and identifying emerging trends or problems that may affect an organization.
C. physical inspection of the local environment around a factory.
D. The process of deleting negative comments from social media pages.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Environmental scanning is the proactive first step of issue management, involving the monitoring of the external environment for potential risks or opportunities. Kết luận Lý giải: Searching for and identifying emerging trends or problems that may affect an organization.

Câu 21: Which term describes a person or group that has an interest or concern in an organization?

A. Shareholder.
B. Stakeholder.
C. Gatekeeper.
D. Opinion leader.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

A stakeholder is any individual or group that can affect or be affected by the actions and policies of an organization. Kết luận Lý giải: Stakeholder.

Câu 22: What is the purpose of a 'Media Advisory'?

A. To provide a full-length story for a journalist to publish immediately.
B. To alert the media to an upcoming event in hopes they will send a reporter or camera crew.
C. To apologize for a corporate scandal through a public letter.
D. To provide a detailed financial report to investors.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

A media advisory is a brief 'who, what, when, where' document used to invite media to cover an event. Kết luận Lý giải: To alert the media to an upcoming event in hopes they will send a reporter or camera crew.

Câu 23: What is the main difference between 'Brand' and 'Reputation'?

A. Brand is about what the company says; Reputation is about what stakeholders believe.
B. Brand is managed by PR; Reputation is managed by Marketing.
C. Brand is only for products; Reputation is only for people.
D. Brand is a legal term; Reputation is a financial term.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

A brand is the identity and promise an organization presents, while reputation is the collective estimation of stakeholders based on past behavior. Kết luận Lý giải: Brand is about what the company says; Reputation is about what stakeholders believe.

Câu 24: According to the Barcelona Principles, what should measurement and evaluation focus on primarily?

A. The number of press releases sent out (Outputs).
B. The total amount of money spent on a campaign (Inputs).
C. The changes in knowledge, attitude, and behavior (Outcomes).
D. The physical size of the newspaper clippings (Clips).

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Principle 2 of the Barcelona Principles 3.0 emphasizes that measuring outcomes (impact) is more important than simply counting outputs (activities). Kết luận Lý giải: The changes in knowledge, attitude, and behavior (Outcomes).

Câu 25: Which ethical theory in PR suggests that the right action is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people?

A. Deontology.
B. Utilitarianism.
C. Virtue Ethics.
D. Relativism.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory that evaluates the morality of an action based on its utility in providing happiness or benefit to the majority. Kết luận Lý giải: Utilitarianism.

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Kết quả của bạn:

Câu 1: According to the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), what is the official definition of public relations?

Câu 2: In the RACE acronym used in the public relations planning process, what does the letter 'A' represent?

Câu 3: Which principle of the Barcelona Principles 3.0 (2020) addresses the use of Advertising Value Equivalency (AVE)?

Câu 4: Which of Grunig and Hunt's four models of public relations is considered the most ethical and effective for building long-term relationships?

Câu 5: What is the primary difference between public relations and advertising?

Câu 6: In crisis communication, what is the 'stealing thunder' strategy?

Câu 7: What does the 'O' stand for in the PESO model of media integration?

Câu 8: Which element is crucial for a statement to be legally considered 'libel'?

Câu 9: What is the primary function of a 'boilerplate' in a standard press release?

Câu 10: Under the PRSA Code of Ethics, which value requires members to provide objective counsel and be accountable for their actions?

Câu 11: What is 'media relations' specifically concerned with?

Câu 12: Which theory suggests that the media don't tell people what to think, but rather what to think about?

Câu 13: In the context of the Triple Bottom Line in CSR, what are the three 'Ps'?

Câu 14: What is the primary goal of Investor Relations (IR) within a corporation?

Câu 15: Which type of public has low involvement and low knowledge regarding an issue but could be impacted by it?

Câu 16: Which news value refers to the geographic or emotional closeness of a story to the target audience?

Câu 17: What is the 'Inverted Pyramid' style of writing often used in PR press releases?

Câu 18: Which of the following is a key requirement by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regarding influencer marketing?

Câu 19: What is 'Integrated Marketing Communications' (IMC)?

Câu 20: In the context of issue management, what is 'environmental scanning'?

Câu 21: Which term describes a person or group that has an interest or concern in an organization?

Câu 22: What is the purpose of a 'Media Advisory'?

Câu 23: What is the main difference between 'Brand' and 'Reputation'?

Câu 24: According to the Barcelona Principles, what should measurement and evaluation focus on primarily?

Câu 25: Which ethical theory in PR suggests that the right action is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people?

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