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Câu 1:
According to the PRSA 2012 definition, what is the fundamental purpose of public relations?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) defines public relations as a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics. Kết luận Lý giải To build mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics
Câu 2:
Which of Grunig and Hunt's four models of public relations focuses on using communication to negotiate with publics and resolve conflicts?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
According to the Excellence Theory, the two-way symmetrical model uses communication to ensure that both the organization and the public make adjustments to reach a mutual understanding. Kết luận Lý giải Two-way symmetrical model
Câu 3:
In the RACE acronym used in PR planning, what does the letter 'R' represent?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
The RACE model, developed by John Marston, stands for Research, Action, Communication, and Evaluation, starting with the systematic gathering of information. Kết luận Lý giải Research
Câu 4:
What is the primary difference between public relations and advertising regarding media placement?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Public relations typically focuses on 'earned media' through third-party endorsements, whereas advertising involves 'paid media' where the organization controls the time and space. Kết luận Lý giải PR relies on earned media while advertising uses paid media
Câu 5:
Under the PRSA Code of Ethics, which principle is violated if a PR professional fails to disclose that they are being paid to promote a product in a blog post?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
The 'Disclosure of Information' principle requires that PR professionals be honest and accurate in all communications and reveal sponsors for represented causes. Kết luận Lý giải Disclosure of Information
Câu 6:
What term is used in crisis communication to describe the strategy of an organization being the first to release information about a crisis?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Stealing thunder is a proactive crisis communication strategy where an organization breaks its own bad news to minimize damage and maintain credibility. Kết luận Lý giải Stealing thunder
Câu 7:
What is the primary purpose of a 'Pitch Letter' in media relations?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
A pitch letter is a concise, persuasive message sent to journalists to 'sell' them on a story idea and secure media coverage. Kết luận Lý giải To persuade a journalist to cover a specific story or angle
Câu 8:
In situational theory of publics, how is a 'latent public' defined?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Latent publics face a problem due to an organization's actions but are not yet aware of the situation. Kết luận Lý giải A group that is affected by an issue but does not yet recognize it
Câu 9:
What role does a PR practitioner play when acting as a 'boundary spanner'?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Boundary spanning involves PR practitioners acting as intermediaries who facilitate the exchange of information between an organization and its various external publics. Kết luận Lý giải Linking an organization with its external environment and stakeholders
Câu 10:
Which PR document provides detailed, historical, and factual background information about an issue or organization to supplement a news release?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
A backgrounder provides in-depth information and context that expands on a news release to help journalists write more comprehensive stories. Kết luận Lý giải Backgrounder
Câu 11:
Which ethical principle involves protecting the private information of current and former clients?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
According to the PRSA Code of Ethics, 'Safeguarding Confidences' is essential for maintaining trust by protecting the proprietary and confidential information of clients or employers. Kết luận Lý giải Safeguarding Confidences
Câu 12:
Which historical figure in PR is often associated with the 'Press Agentry' model and the phrase 'There is no such thing as bad publicity'?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
P.T. Barnum was a master of the press agentry model, using exaggeration and stunts to gain media attention regardless of its nature. Kết luận Lý giải P.T. Barnum
Câu 13:
Public relations and marketing differ primarily in their goals; while marketing focuses on exchanges, PR focuses on what?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Marketing is primarily concerned with customers and selling products, whereas PR manages a broader range of relationships with multiple stakeholders to maintain organizational reputation. Kết luận Lý giải Building and maintaining relationships
Câu 14:
What is the main objective of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in a PR context?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
CSR in PR involves demonstrating an organization's commitment to ethical behavior and contributing to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and society. Kết luận Lý giải To align business operations with social values and stakeholder expectations
Câu 15:
Which PR pioneer is known for the 'Declaration of Principles' and advocating for transparency and accuracy in information?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Ivy Lee issued the 'Declaration of Principles' in 1906, signaling a shift toward the public information model characterized by openness and factual reporting. Kết luận Lý giải Ivy Lee
Câu 16:
Which research method involves a small group of people being interviewed together to explore their attitudes toward a specific topic?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
A focus group is a qualitative research technique used in PR to gather in-depth opinions and feedback from a representative group of stakeholders. Kết luận Lý giải Focus Group
Câu 17:
What is a 'Media Kit' typically used for?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
A media kit (or press kit) is a package of information tools, including news releases, fact sheets, and photos, designed to help the media cover an event or announcement. Kết luận Lý giải To provide journalists with a comprehensive set of materials for a story
Câu 18:
In PR measurement, what is the difference between 'outputs' and 'outcomes'?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Outputs refer to the amount of work produced (e.g., number of releases), while outcomes measure the actual impact of that work on the target audience. Kết luận Lý giải Outputs are materials produced; outcomes are changes in behavior or attitude
Câu 19:
What is 'Issue Management' in a public relations context?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Issue management is a proactive process of anticipating, identifying, evaluating, and responding to public policy issues that could impact an organization's future. Kết luận Lý giải Identifying and addressing trends or events that may affect an organization
Câu 20:
What is the primary goal of internal relations (employee communication) in PR?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Internal PR focuses on keeping employees informed, engaged, and aligned with the organization's goals to foster a positive corporate culture. Kết luận Lý giải To build a productive and committed workforce through effective communication
Câu 21:
Which theory suggests that the way information is presented (the 'frame') influences how audiences process that information?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Framing theory posits that the media and PR professionals select certain aspects of a perceived reality to make them more salient, thereby shaping audience interpretation. Kết luận Lý giải Framing theory
Câu 22:
According to the 'Agenda-Setting Theory', what is the media's primary influence on the public?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Agenda-setting theory suggests that media frequency and prominence of issues lead the public to perceive those issues as the most important ones. Kết luận Lý giải Telling people what topics are important to think about
Câu 23:
Which writing style is standard for news releases, where the most important information is placed at the beginning?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
The inverted pyramid style places the 'who, what, when, where, and why' in the lead paragraph, followed by supporting details in descending order of importance. Kết luận Lý giải Inverted pyramid
Câu 24:
In government relations, what is the specific PR function aimed at influencing legislation or regulation?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Lobbying is a specialized part of public relations that builds and maintains relations with government officials, primarily for the purpose of influencing legislation and regulation. Kết luận Lý giải Lobbying
Câu 25:
Which theory explains why some people are active in seeking information about an issue while others remain passive?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
James Grunig's Situational Theory of Publics identifies problem recognition, constraint recognition, and level of involvement as key factors in public activity. Kết luận Lý giải Situational Theory of Publics
