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Bộ 6 - Trắc nghiệm Quan hệ công chúng Tiếng Anh có đáp án

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Câu 1: According to the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) 2012 definition, what is the primary focus of public relations?

A. Paid placement of messages in mass media to drive immediate sales.
B. strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
C. The internal management of human resources to increase operational efficiency.
D. The creation of visual advertisements to promote specific product features.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

According to the PRSA 2012 definition, PR is officially characterized as a strategic communication process focused on fostering mutually beneficial relationships, which distinguishes it from purely promotional activities. Kết luận Lý giải A strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.

Câu 2: In John Marston's RACE model of public relations planning, what does the 'A' represent?

A. Action (Program planning).
B. Advertising (Media buying).
C. Assessment (Financial audit).
D. Advocacy (Legal defense).

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

In the RACE acronym, 'A' stands for 'Action', which involves planning the specific programs and tactics necessary to achieve the objectives identified during the research phase. Kết luận Lý giải Action (Program planning).

Câu 3: Which type of media is often called 'earned media' because the practitioner loses control over the final content once it is sent to the gatekeeper?

A. company's official blog posts.
B. Television commercials during prime time.
C. news story written by a journalist based on a press release.
D. Sponsored content on a social media influencer's page.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Earned media refers to publicity gained through editorial influence rather than paid means, where journalists act as gatekeepers who decide how the information is presented. Kết luận Lý giải A news story written by a journalist based on a press release.

Câu 4: What is the fundamental difference between Public Relations and Advertising regarding the use of media?

A. PR uses internal channels only, while advertising uses external channels.
B. PR focuses on short-term sales, while advertising focuses on long-term reputation.
C. PR relies on earned and owned media, whereas advertising primarily uses paid media.
D. PR is always anonymous, whereas advertising always identifies the sponsor.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

According to common industry analysis, the core distinction lies in the payment for space or time, with advertising being 'paid' and PR being 'earned' through relationships and news value. Kết luận Lý giải PR relies on earned and owned media, whereas advertising primarily uses paid media.

Câu 5: In W. Timothy Coombs' Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), which strategy is most appropriate for a 'Victim Crisis' with low organizational responsibility?

A. full apology and financial compensation.
B. Attacking the accuser to shift blame entirely.
C. Providing instructive information and expressing sympathy.
D. Remaining silent until the crisis passes naturally.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

According to SCCT, when an organization is a victim of a crisis like a natural disaster, the most effective response is to provide helpful information and express concern without accepting unnecessary legal liability. Kết luận Lý giải Providing instructive information and expressing sympathy.

Câu 6: The 'Inverted Pyramid' structure in writing a press release means that:

A. The most important information is placed at the beginning.
B. The contact information is the largest part of the document.
C. The story ends with a dramatic conclusion or 'hook'.
D. Quotes from executives are placed only in the final paragraph.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The inverted pyramid is a journalistic style where the 'who, what, where, when, and why' are presented in the lead to ensure the key message is received even if the reader stops early. Kết luận Lý giải The most important information is placed at the beginning.

Câu 7: Which model of PR, developed by Grunig and Hunt, is considered the most ethical and effective for long-term relationship building?

A. Press Agentry/Publicity model.
B. Two-way symmetrical model.
C. Public information model.
D. Two-way asymmetrical model.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The two-way symmetrical model emphasizes mutual understanding and balanced communication between the organization and its publics rather than one-sided persuasion. Kết luận Lý giải Two-way symmetrical model.

Câu 8: According to the Barcelona Principles 3.0, what is the recommended stance on 'Advertising Value Equivalents' (AVEs) in PR measurement?

A. AVEs should be used as the primary metric for financial ROI.
B. AVEs are only useful when comparing PR to digital marketing.
C. AVEs are not the value of communication and should not be used.
D. AVEs should be multiplied by three to show the 'credibility factor'.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The Barcelona Principles explicitly state that AVEs fail to measure the actual value of public relations and communication, as they merely estimate the cost of equivalent ad space. Kết luận Lý giải AVEs are not the value of communication and should not be used.

Câu 9: In Carroll's Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), what is the foundation upon which all other responsibilities rest?

A. Ethical responsibility (being fair).
B. Legal responsibility (obeying the law).
C. Philanthropic responsibility (being a good citizen).
D. Economic responsibility (being profitable).

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

According to Archie Carroll's model, the economic responsibility to be profitable is the base requirement for an organization to sustain itself and perform other CSR duties. Kết luận Lý giải Economic responsibility (being profitable).

Câu 10: Which legal term refers to a written false statement that damages a person's or organization's reputation?

A. Slander.
B. Libel.
C. Appropriation.
D. Copyright infringement.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Defamation is categorized into two types: 'libel' for written or recorded false statements and 'slander' for spoken ones. Kết luận Lý giải Libel.

Câu 11: What is the primary objective of 'Lobbying' as a specialized area of public relations?

A. Improving the morale of internal employees.
B. Influencing legislative or regulatory decisions by government officials.
C. Managing the company's profile on social media platforms.
D. Coordinating sponsorship deals for major sporting events.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Lobbying specifically focuses on building relationships with government representatives to advocate for policies that favor an organization's interests. Kết luận Lý giải Influencing legislative or regulatory decisions by government officials.

Câu 12: In the context of internal PR, what is the main purpose of 'employee relations'?

A. To monitor employee conversations for security purposes.
B. To replace the role of the Human Resources department.
C. To engage employees and align them with the organization's goals and values.
D. To ensure that employees only use official company slogans in private life.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Internal PR or employee relations aims to create an informed and motivated workforce that acts as ambassadors for the brand. Kết luận Lý giải To engage employees and align them with the organization's goals and values.

Câu 13: When a PR practitioner 'pitches' a story to a journalist, what is the most critical element to include to ensure success?

A. list of all the company's previous awards.
B. clear 'newsworthy' angle that is relevant to the journalist's audience.
C. guarantee that the company will buy advertising later.
D. The personal biography of every board member.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Journalists prioritize stories that provide value and interest to their specific readers, making the 'newsworthiness' of the pitch the most decisive factor. Kết luận Lý giải A clear 'newsworthy' angle that is relevant to the journalist's audience.

Câu 14: Which PR function is responsible for maintaining relationships with shareholders and the financial community?

A. Community relations.
B. Investor relations.
C. Crisis management.
D. Media relations.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Investor relations (IR) combines finance and communication to provide accurate information to investors, helping to maintain a fair stock price. Kết luận Lý giải Investor relations.

Câu 15: Ivy Lee is often remembered in PR history for his 1906 'Declaration of Principles'. What was its core message?

A. PR should be used to manipulate public opinion through secrecy.
B. The public should be provided with accurate and timely information.
C. Emotional appeals are more effective than factual reporting.
D. Only the CEO should ever speak to the press.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Ivy Lee's declaration marked a shift from the 'public be damned' era to an era of transparency and supplying the press with facts. Kết luận Lý giải The public should be provided with accurate and timely information.

Câu 16: What defines a 'Primary Stakeholder' in an organization's PR strategy?

A. group that has no direct influence on the company but follows it on social media.
B. group whose participation is vital to the survival of the organization.
C. competitor who tries to mimic the organization's products.
D. Any individual who has ever heard of the company's name.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Primary stakeholders, such as employees, customers, and investors, have a direct and essential economic or legal impact on the organization. Kết luận Lý giải A group whose participation is vital to the survival of the organization.

Câu 17: What is the difference between 'Brand Identity' and 'Brand Image'?

A. Identity is how the company wants to be perceived; Image is how the public actually perceives it.
B. Identity refers to the logo; Image refers to the company's financial net worth.
C. Identity is created by customers; Image is created by the marketing team.
D. There is no difference; they are interchangeable terms in PR.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Identity is an internal construct managed by the company, whereas image is the external perception formed in the minds of the audience. Kết luận Lý giải Identity is how the company wants to be perceived; Image is how the public actually perceives it.

Câu 18: The PR tactic of 'Newsjacking' involves:

A. Reporting fake news to distract the public from a company scandal.
B. Injecting your brand's ideas or angles into a breaking news story.
C. Suing a news outlet for negative coverage.
D. Buying a news station to control its editorial content.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Newsjacking is a real-time PR technique where practitioners leverage current events to gain media attention and relevance for their brand. Kết luận Lý giải Injecting your brand's ideas or angles into a breaking news story.

Câu 19: Under the PRSA Code of Ethics, what does the 'Disclosure of Information' principle require?

A. Revealing all confidential trade secrets to the public immediately.
B. Revealing the sponsors and financial interests behind a PR campaign.
C. Ensuring that employees never talk to their families about work.
D. Giving journalists expensive gifts to encourage positive stories.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Ethical PR practice requires transparency, particularly in identifying who is paying for or sponsoring a specific message to maintain public trust. Kết luận Lý giải Revealing the sponsors and financial interests behind a PR campaign.

Câu 20: In crisis communication, the term 'Stealing Thunder' refers to:

A. Taking credit for a competitor's successful PR campaign.
B. An organization breaking its own bad news before other parties or media can.
C. Interrupting a journalist during a live television interview.
D. Hiring a famous celebrity to overshadow a minor legal issue.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Stealing thunder is a proactive strategy that enhances credibility and allows an organization to frame the narrative by being the first to disclose negative information. Kết luận Lý giải An organization breaking its own bad news before other parties or media can.

Câu 21: Which type of research is a 'Focus Group' in a PR campaign context?

A. Quantitative research focused on statistical significance.
B. Secondary research based on existing library data.
C. Qualitative research used to explore attitudes and motivations.
D. Experimental research involving a control group and variables.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Focus groups allow PR practitioners to gather in-depth insights and 'the why' behind public opinions through semi-structured group discussions. Kết luận Lý giải Qualitative research used to explore attitudes and motivations.

Câu 22: What is typically included in a digital 'Media Kit' (or Press Kit) provided on a company's website?

A. The private phone numbers of all junior staff members.
B. High-resolution logos, executive bios, and fact sheets.
C. complete list of the company's tax returns for the last decade.
D. Coupons for customers to use at retail stores.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

A media kit is a pre-packaged set of promotional materials that provide journalists with everything they need to write a story about the organization. Kết luận Lý giải High-resolution logos, executive bios, and fact sheets.

Câu 23: In a press release, what is the 'Boilerplate'?

A. The catchy headline designed to grab attention.
B. The list of media contacts at the top of the page.
C. standard short paragraph at the end describing the company.
D. The dateline indicating where the news originated.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

The boilerplate provides consistent, basic information about the organization (such as its mission and size) and is placed at the bottom of every press release. Kết luận Lý giải A standard short paragraph at the end describing the company.

Câu 24: The 'Gatekeeping' theory in communication suggests that:

A. The public has full control over what news is produced.
B. PR practitioners are the only people who can talk to the media.
C. Media editors and journalists decide which information reaches the public.
D. Social media has completely eliminated the need for news editors.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

Gatekeeping theory describes the process by which news is filtered by journalists and editors before being disseminated to the audience. Kết luận Lý giải Media editors and journalists decide which information reaches the public.

Câu 25: What does the term 'Boundary Spanning' mean for a PR professional?

A. Working across different international time zones simultaneously.
B. Acting as a bridge between the organization and its external environment.
C. Traveling to different physical locations to set up event booths.
D. Managing both the PR and the Legal departments at the same time.

💡 Lời giải chi tiết:

PR practitioners function as boundary spanners by monitoring the external environment and relaying that information back to internal management to inform strategy. Kết luận Lý giải Acting as a bridge between the organization and its external environment.

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Kết quả của bạn:

Câu 1: According to the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) 2012 definition, what is the primary focus of public relations?

Câu 2: In John Marston's RACE model of public relations planning, what does the 'A' represent?

Câu 3: Which type of media is often called 'earned media' because the practitioner loses control over the final content once it is sent to the gatekeeper?

Câu 4: What is the fundamental difference between Public Relations and Advertising regarding the use of media?

Câu 5: In W. Timothy Coombs' Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), which strategy is most appropriate for a 'Victim Crisis' with low organizational responsibility?

Câu 6: The 'Inverted Pyramid' structure in writing a press release means that:

Câu 7: Which model of PR, developed by Grunig and Hunt, is considered the most ethical and effective for long-term relationship building?

Câu 8: According to the Barcelona Principles 3.0, what is the recommended stance on 'Advertising Value Equivalents' (AVEs) in PR measurement?

Câu 9: In Carroll's Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), what is the foundation upon which all other responsibilities rest?

Câu 10: Which legal term refers to a written false statement that damages a person's or organization's reputation?

Câu 11: What is the primary objective of 'Lobbying' as a specialized area of public relations?

Câu 12: In the context of internal PR, what is the main purpose of 'employee relations'?

Câu 13: When a PR practitioner 'pitches' a story to a journalist, what is the most critical element to include to ensure success?

Câu 14: Which PR function is responsible for maintaining relationships with shareholders and the financial community?

Câu 15: Ivy Lee is often remembered in PR history for his 1906 'Declaration of Principles'. What was its core message?

Câu 16: What defines a 'Primary Stakeholder' in an organization's PR strategy?

Câu 17: What is the difference between 'Brand Identity' and 'Brand Image'?

Câu 18: The PR tactic of 'Newsjacking' involves:

Câu 19: Under the PRSA Code of Ethics, what does the 'Disclosure of Information' principle require?

Câu 20: In crisis communication, the term 'Stealing Thunder' refers to:

Câu 21: Which type of research is a 'Focus Group' in a PR campaign context?

Câu 22: What is typically included in a digital 'Media Kit' (or Press Kit) provided on a company's website?

Câu 23: In a press release, what is the 'Boilerplate'?

Câu 24: The 'Gatekeeping' theory in communication suggests that:

Câu 25: What does the term 'Boundary Spanning' mean for a PR professional?

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