Trắc nghiệm Marketing quốc tế Tiếng Anh có đáp án - Chương 3
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Câu 1:The unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions is known as:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
According to James Lee, the Self-Reference Criterion is the primary cause of international marketing failures due to the unconscious bias of using one's own culture as a benchmark. Kết luận Lý giải: Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)
Câu 2:Which term describes the notion that people in one's own company, culture, or country know best how to do things?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture or way of doing things is inherently superior to others. Kết luận Lý giải: Ethnocentrism
Câu 3:In a high-context culture, such as Japan or Saudi Arabia, the interpretation of a message is heavily dependent on:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Edward Hall's framework suggests that high-context cultures rely on situational cues and non-verbal signals rather than just explicit words. Kết luận Lý giải: The context and non-verbal cues of the situation
Câu 4:Which culture type typically views time as a linear resource that can be saved, spent, or wasted?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Monochronic (M-time) cultures, like the United States or Germany, treat time as a precious commodity that is divided into small, manageable units. Kết luận Lý giải: Monochronic culture
Câu 5:According to Hofstede, a culture with high Power Distance is likely to exhibit:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
High Power Distance scores indicate a societal acceptance of unequal distribution of power and respect for authority figures. Kết luận Lý giải: Strong hierarchies and centralized decision-making
Câu 6:In cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance, consumers are generally:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
High Uncertainty Avoidance cultures prefer predictability and often rely on trusted brands to minimize the risk of a bad purchase. Kết luận Lý giải: Risk-averse and seek security through brand loyalty
Câu 7:The process of adjusting to a new culture is referred to as:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Acculturation is the process by which individuals learn and adapt to a culture other than their own. Kết luận Lý giải: Acculturation
Câu 8:Business customs that must be recognized and accommodated for successful international marketing are called:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Cultural Imperatives are the customs that foreign marketers must strictly adhere to in order to build relationships and avoid offense. Kết luận Lý giải: Cultural Imperatives
Câu 9:Which of the following describes Cultural Exclusives?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Cultural Exclusives are behaviors or rituals reserved only for members of the local culture; foreigners attempting them may cause insult. Kết luận Lý giải: Customs in which only locals can participate and foreigners are excluded
Câu 10:In international marketing research, 'back-translation' is used to:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Back-translation involves translating a document into a target language and then back to the original to check for errors and nuances. Kết luận Lý giải: Ensure the original meaning is preserved after translating into a foreign language
Câu 11:The study of personal space and how distance reflects cultural relationships is known as:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance to communicate status and intimacy within a culture. Kết luận Lý giải: Proxemics
Câu 12:Which color is often associated with mourning and death in many Asian cultures, unlike in Western cultures where it signifies purity?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
While white represents weddings in the West, it is the traditional color of mourning in countries like China and India. Kết luận Lý giải: White
Câu 13:society that values quality of life, care for the weak, and modesty over competition and achievement is classified by Hofstede as:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Hofstede defines Feminine cultures as those that prioritize cooperation, nurturing, and quality of life over assertiveness and material success. Kết luận Lý giải: Feminine
Câu 14:polychronic culture (P-time) is characterized by:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
P-time cultures, common in Latin America and the Middle East, emphasize flexibility and personal interaction over rigid timekeeping. Kết luận Lý giải: Doing many things at once and valuing human relationships over schedules
Câu 15:In the context of social structure, which type of family unit is more prevalent in traditional and developing societies?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Extended families, including grandparents and other relatives, are the central social unit in many collectivist and traditional cultures. Kết luận Lý giải: Extended family
Câu 16:What is 'cultural borrowing' in the context of international marketing?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Cultural borrowing occurs when a society adopts and adapts elements from other cultures to find better solutions to its own challenges. Kết luận Lý giải: The process of adapting cultural elements from other societies to solve local problems
Câu 17:Which of the following is an example of 'unplanned cultural change'?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Unplanned change occurs spontaneously, often driven by technological advancements or environmental factors rather than specific policy efforts. Kết luận Lý giải: The widespread adoption of the internet changing social interaction patterns
Câu 18:The concept of 'Linguistic Distance' refers to:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Linguistic distance measures how similar or different languages are, which impacts how easily a marketer can communicate in a new country. Kết luận Lý giải: The degree to which two languages differ, affecting entry costs and marketing communication
Câu 19:When a marketer tries to change cultural behaviors specifically to improve the acceptance of a product, they are engaging in:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Planned cultural change involves a deliberate attempt to alter certain cultural aspects to overcome resistance to a product or innovation. Kết luận Lý giải: Planned cultural change
Câu 20:Cultures that score high on 'Long-term Orientation' (Hofstede) usually value:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Long-term orientation focuses on future-oriented virtues such as perseverance and saving for long-term stability. Kết luận Lý giải: Persistence, thrift, and hard work for future rewards
Câu 21:In Low-context cultures, such as the United States or Switzerland, business contracts tend to be:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Low-context cultures value clear, written documentation and explicit details in business dealings to avoid ambiguity. Kết luận Lý giải: Highly explicit, detailed, and legally binding
Câu 22:The Chinese concept of 'Guanxi' is best described as:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Guanxi refers to the network of personal connections and mutual obligations that is vital for business success in China. Kết luận Lý giải: A system of social networks and influential relationships that facilitate business
Câu 23:Which element of culture is most likely to determine food taboos and consumption patterns in a country like India?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Religion often dictates dietary laws and restrictions, such as the avoidance of beef among Hindus or pork among Muslims. Kết luận Lý giải: Religion
Câu 24:What is 'Mianzi' (Face) in the context of East Asian business culture?
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Mianzi, or face, is the concept of social prestige and dignity; saving face is crucial in negotiations and interpersonal relations in East Asia. Kết luận Lý giải: The reputation and social standing that must be maintained and respected
Câu 25:In Hofstede's Individualism/Collectivism dimension, a 'Collectivist' society is one where:
💡 Lời giải chi tiết:
Collectivism emphasizes group loyalty and the belief that the welfare of the collective outweighs the individual. Kết luận Lý giải: People are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups from birth